Did you know that there are still groups of people who have had NO contact with the outside world? Groups of people who have lived the same way for thousands of years? Primitives in the most literal sense. Sounds like the stuff of movies, but they
exist!
Think about this for a second. One species split up into two groups. One group is trying to figure out how to make sure their huts made of branches survive a heavy rain. The other group is building a 27 km circumference particle accelerator which will hurl protons at 99.9999% the speed of light. Both live in the same time period and both live on the same planet, literally right next to each other.
Group A:
Group B:
Same species and yet they are so different.
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Edit: Actually, it might make a difference. Instead of using the bows effectvely, they're trying to utilize them against an object that they might not have ever seen, without any prior knowledge of how effective they might be, instead of running away. I think they'd be smarter to run away, but they apparently have a shoot-first value system (maybe not so different from us after all).
Do we quarantine them forever from our society? Do we try to assimilate them? Whatever we do, we can't simply leave them be and expect everything to work itself out. They will eventually discover the outside world and, barring an actual, physical, permanent quarantine, they will some day have to deal with this. If we simply leave them be, the likelihood of a positive outcome is low. If we intervene, we will effectively destroy their world.
What can we possibly do?
Also, I wonder if the UN or any other group has a Prime Directive for dealing with this situation.
If you're asking which type of social environment is superior, that seems to be a subjective question.
The one area where they are at great risk due to evolutionary pressures is susceptibility to disease. (At least according to the article.) Their immune systems have not evolved to fight against diseases that they have not been exposed to. This puts non-primitive types at an evolutionary advantage.
They have the same brains, sure. They have the same potential. If they stay in the bush, that potential is wasted. Take their land by invocation of Manifest Destiny. Build industry and tourist attractions. Let the adults work at the industries and tourist attractions while the kids go to school to learn about Western Culture, Evolution, and Supercolliding.
If you go the millionaire route, then when you get to the fishing village, you are 100% worry free. You don't have to go out and catch some fish every day. You spend 100% of your time living the good life, with very little risk of anything spoiling that life.
It doesn't matter if we know all about them as long as they don't know about us.
We can intervene should it prove necessary (i.e. if they are threatened, or should some of their practices prove to be unacceptable), but otherwise, I think they have value in
1) A case study in humanity
2) Entertainment While they may have the same "potential" as any of the rest of us, we have billions of people in the rest of the world for whom to maximise utilisation of potential, to far greater effect.
Or for even more fun: start two religions.
I both look forward to and fear the day when the majority of the working economy is no longer necessary.
Also, the supercollider doesn't really fall under "astronomy".