Novels that discuss philosophy in a coherent way.
I don't know if that title makes sense to you guys, so I'll throw out some examples. I want books like Fight Club, which talks about existentialism, but in a way that the existential messages are put into the book so that the story is good on its own, but the philosephy adds an extra layer of meaning. Other books that pull this off well that I've read are A Clockwork Orange and House of Leaves. Novels that I'm not interested in hearing about just yet are ones that follow a stream-of-consciousness philosophical rant disguised as a story, such as Naked Lunch. The movie did a great job of actually expanding on characters and plot lines that the book only briefly and haphazardly threw in. I'm still very interested in reading the rest of Naked Lunch, though it's too daunting right now. Book recommendations that could help me work my way up to Naked Lunch would help, too.
Comments
Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
Critique of Pure Reason
No, they are not novels. But I'd still recommend them to anyone who's interested in philosophy.
Any fiction by L Neil Smith - his novels are all heavily libertarian.
Not sure if that is exactly what you are looking for though.
There are also the obvious choices, like The Stranger (Albert Camus), and No Exit (Jean-Paul Sartre).
As for novels, Sophy's World will give you a good broad overview of the history of philosophy in novel form.
As for novels that have a lot of good philosophy in them, but which aren't just histories lightly dressed up as novels, The Broken God by David Zindel is excellent, excellent, excellent in terms of philosophy and is a pretty decent novel as well. You really ought to read Neverness first, which doesn't quite have the same coherency ideawise and which does have some problems with pacing, but which is really beautiful in lots of ways.
I'd also recommend The Golden Age by John C Wright and Lady of Mazes by Karl Schroeder.
A very interesting read. It contains possibly the only page of written literature that I've ever found to be truly disturbing and unsettling.
To contribute: A lot of the classics of existentialism are actually fiction. Sartre wrote a lot of fiction (Nausea, for example, and No Exit, as baddeacon mentioned). Dostoevsky is very famous for his existentialist fiction, as is Camus (as, again, baddeacon mentioned).
I'd recommend The Chronicles of Thomas Covenant the Unbeliever as a philosophical fantasy trilogy. I think it'd be considered existential, but I'm not certain about that label.